How to Choose Cough Syrup for Kids: Pediatrician Shares Safety Tips for Parents

Drug safety standards in India are once again under question after several children died in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan after drinking contaminated cough syrup. Investigation revealed that the syrups – Coldrif, Respifresh TR, and Relife – contained dangerously high levels of diethylene glycol (DEG), an industrial chemical that causes kidney failure. The toxic substance was found to be almost 500 times the permissible limit, sparking a nationwide outrage and action against the manufacturer, whose owner has been arrested. In response, the government has ordered product recalls, tightened quality checks, and urged parents to avoid over-the-counter cough syrups for children. This controversy has made parents worried and curious about how to choose cough syrup for children.

“Cough in children is common and is often caused by viral infections or environmental triggers. But not every cough requires medicine. Knowing when to use syrup and when to see a doctor is important to keep your child safe,” Dr Rajat Grover, consultant in pediatrics and neonatology at Cloudnine Group of Hospitals, Patparganj, New Delhi (East), tells Health Shots.

Parents should avoid using over-the-counter syrups and consult a doctor if a cough:

• Lasts more than 5-7 days
• Is accompanied by high fever, difficulty breathing or chest pain
• persistent yellow/green phlegm
• wheezing, fast/noisy breathing, or refusal to eat or drink
• This includes spitting up blood or barking sounds

He added, “These may indicate conditions such as pneumonia, bronchitis or asthma, which require medical attention, not just cough syrup. No cough syrup should be given without pediatric consultation.”

How to know which cough syrup to buy?

It is important to know what to look for when purchasing cough syrup. Parents should be mindful of specific ingredients that may be risky, especially for younger children. Dr. Neeraj Gupta, Consultant Pediatrician, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, tells Health Shots that here are some ingredients you should avoid.

• Terbutaline: “Terbutaline is a bronchodilator used to treat asthma and airway obstruction, providing relief from symptoms such as wheezing and shortness of breath. It may also help prevent preterm labor in obstetrics,” says the pediatrician.
• Deriphyllin: Deriphylline is a combination medicine for respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD. It contains a bronchodilator that helps open the airways for easier breathing. Its safety in young children, especially those under six years of age, is not well established, so it should be avoided in this age group.
• Codeine: Codeine, an opiate used to relieve pain, cough, and diarrhea, is often found in prescription medications and some cough syrups. It acts on the central nervous system but can be addictive and cause side effects such as drowsiness, constipation and nausea.
• Dextromethorphan: “Dextromethorphan is a common cough suppressant found in many syrups. It can help with persistent cough, but caution is needed, especially for children,” explains the pediatrician.

These ingredients are not safe for children under six years of age and can cause serious side effects. Giving these substances without proper medical supervision can have harmful consequences.

What are the precautions for cough syrup?

A hidden danger in cough syrup, as highlighted by the recent controversy, is the risk of contamination. Dr. Gupta warns about diethylene glycol, a harmful substance that is colorless and odorless, making it difficult for parents to notice.

To reduce the risk:

• Avoid multidrug combination syrup: These often contain multiple active ingredients that may increase the risk of harmful effects.
• Skip over-the-counter (OTC) medications: “OTC products may not be safe for children, especially those under six years of age,” doctors warn.

While parents hope for quick treatment, safety should always come first. Additionally, parents should also caution against misuse or overuse of the syrup.

“Excessive syrup consumption may cause drowsiness and drowsiness (due to the sedating antihistamine), stomach problems, nausea or vomiting, allergic reactions, as well as increased heart rate or restlessness,” says Dr. Grover.

Are all OTC cough syrups safe?

According to Dr. Gupta, not all over-the-counter cough syrups are safe for children. Many of these products can cause unexpected side effects. He says always check with a pediatrician before buying any medicine, even if it is available without a prescription.

How to choose the right cough syrup?

Cough syrup packaging may be confusing or unclear. Parents should pay attention to these important points when choosing a product:

• Side Effects: Make sure the bottle clearly outlines potential side effects.
• Dosage Information: “The label should detail dosage guidelines tailored to your child’s age and weight,” the expert says.
• certificate: Choose certified medicines from reputed, certified and well-reviewed manufacturers.

When in doubt, consult your pediatrician for advice about which brand or type of syrup to trust.

How to measure the correct dose of cough syrup?

Self-treatment can cause serious problems. Many parents think they can decide the right dosage for their child based on their age, but Dr. Gupta cautions against this. She emphasizes that medical professionals must select the appropriate dosage, which may change depending on the child’s age, weight, and overall health.

Is there an alternative to cough syrup?

If you are unsure about using cough syrup, there are natural remedies that may help. Dr. Gupta recommends home-based options:

• Honey (for children above one year of age): This sweet remedy can soothe a sore throat and reduce cough.
• Hot Water Gargles: Gargling with warm water can provide relief.
• Steam inhalation: This may help clear the nasal passages.
• Proper Hydration: Keeping your child well hydrated is key to his or her recovery.
• Raising head: Keeping your baby’s head elevated may help reduce coughing, especially at night.

Talk to a healthcare provider before trying any home remedies. They can help make sure you don’t miss any serious health problems.

,Note to readers: This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor with any questions about a medical condition.)