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GK: Saudi Arabia is surrounded by vast deserts, including the largest desert in the world. Temperatures are often very high and rainfall is low.
The climate of Saudi Arabia is extremely dry and hot, making the formation of rivers impossible. (AI generated)
There are many countries on earth where big rivers flow like the stream of life. But there are some areas where every drop of water is very precious. The life, agriculture and development of people in such places completely depend on alternative water sources. Living amidst desert climate, low rainfall and harsh natural conditions, these areas have resorted to modern technologies to deal with the water problem. One of these countries is what is known as the “country without rivers”.
The country we are talking about is Saudi Arabia. The country is known globally for having no permanent rivers or natural lakes. The climate of Saudi Arabia is extremely dry and hot, making the formation of rivers impossible. To meet its water needs, Saudi Arabia relies primarily on desalination and underground water sources. Modern technology helps in delivering water to cities, industries and people.
Why is it called ‘a country without rivers’?
There are many reasons why Saudi Arabia is called “the country without rivers”. The biggest reason for this is the desert and dry climate here. There is very little rainfall throughout the year, due to which sufficient water is not stored to flow into the rivers. Additionally, clay and sand absorb water rapidly, preventing water from remaining on the surface for long.
Desertification and lack of rainfall
Saudi Arabia is surrounded by vast deserts, including some of the largest in the world. Temperatures are often very high and rainfall is low. Due to these reasons, permanent water sources have not been developed here. Although wadis (dry river-like channels) may fill with water for short periods after occasional rains, they are not permanent rivers.
How is the need for water fulfilled?
Despite not having rivers, Saudi Arabia has been largely successful in meeting its water needs. Large scale desalination plants have been installed to make sea water potable. In addition, underground aquifers are used for agriculture and daily needs. These sources are considered the backbone of life here.
December 31, 2025, 5:00 PM IST
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