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The ongoing heat wave situation in the country can be bad news for asthma patients, whose symptoms may increase. Extreme weather, including extreme heat, is associated with irritation and narrowing of inflamed airways and bronchial tubes. The scorching heat also affects the air quality which can lead to increased ozone pollution and particle pollution. All of these factors can cause an asthma attack or make the disease worse. Therefore, it is important for asthma patients to avoid exposure to heat, stay hydrated and follow their prescribed medications properly. (Also Read | World Asthma Day 2024: Date, history, significance and everything you need to know)
What is Asthma and why is World Asthma Day celebrated?
Asthma, a common respiratory disease that causes inflammation and narrowing of the small airways in the lungs, can cause worrying symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and chest tightness. World Asthma Day is observed every year on the first Tuesday of May to spread awareness about the respiratory disease and its management to reduce mortality and improve quality of life. This year World Asthma Day is being celebrated on Tuesday, May 7.
Challenges of dealing with asthma in hot and humid conditions
“In hot and humid conditions, managing asthma becomes particularly challenging due to the many factors that aggravate symptoms. These conditions can trigger airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and increase exposure to air pollutants, All of these can worsen asthma symptoms. One of the primary challenges is increased airway inflammation in asthma patients, which can lead to the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. There may be swelling and narrowing of the bronchial tubes. This inflammation makes breathing difficult for individuals suffering from asthma, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, cough and chest tightness,” says Dr RK Chopra, MD (Medicine). , MD (Respiratory Medicine), Senior Consultant Respiratory Medicine Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune.
Pollution may be an additional trigger
Dr. Chopra says levels of air pollutants like ozone may increase as a result of hot and humid conditions.
He says, “Ozone is a powerful respiratory irritant that can trigger asthma symptoms and increase airway inflammation. Exposure to high levels of ozone can cause more frequent and severe asthma attacks, especially “In persons with pre-existing respiratory problems.”
Preventive tips to deal with asthma attack during heat wave
To manage asthma during a heatwave, it is essential for patients to take proactive measures to reduce the risk of triggers and reduce symptoms. Dr. Chopra suggests the following:
stay indoors: Outdoor activities should be avoided during the hottest parts of the day when air quality is typically at its worst.
using air conditioning: Keeping indoor environments cool and well-ventilated can help reduce exposure to heat and humidity, as well as filter indoor air pollutants.
stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of fluids helps keep the airways moist and prevents dehydration, which can worsen asthma symptoms.
Taking prescribed medications: It is important to follow the asthma action plan provided by the healthcare provider. This may include using quick-relief inhalers (bronchodilators) to reduce acute symptoms and using controller medications (such as corticosteroids) to manage the underlying inflammation.
Monitoring symptoms: Being alert to changes in asthma symptoms and seeking immediate medical help if symptoms worsen despite the use of medication.
Overall, management of asthma during heatwaves requires a combination of preventive measures, medication management, and active monitoring to ensure optimal respiratory health and reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations.
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