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Having a heart attack dramatically increases the risk of other dangerous long-term health disorders, according to a major new study.
Researchers at the University of Leeds have analyzed more than 145 million records covering every adult patient admitted to hospital over a nine-year period to establish the risk of long-term health outcomes after a heart attack – the most of its kind. It is a big study.
While a heart attack is a serious and life-threatening condition, the British Heart Foundation estimates that nowadays more than seven in 10 people survive, provided they receive prompt and emergency treatment to restart blood flow to the heart muscle. Get treatment. Yet previous research has shown that heart attacks can have adverse effects on patients’ health, including other conditions affecting the heart and circulatory system, but also other parts of the body and mental health conditions. Situations included.
New research funded by The British Heart Foundation and Wellcome shows that patients who had a heart attack developed further conditions at a much higher rate than people of the same age and sex who did not have a heart attack Was.
Within the nine-year study period one third of the patients developed heart or kidney failure, 7% had a heart attack and 38% died from any cause.
Heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, peripheral artery disease, severe bleeding, kidney failure, type 2 diabetes, and depression all occur more frequently in people who have had a heart attack than in those who have not; But the risk of cancer was lower overall, and the risk of dementia was no different overall.
The study also showed that people from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to die or develop serious long-term health conditions after a heart attack. Specifically, people from more deprived backgrounds were more likely to develop heart and kidney failure, compared with people from less deprived backgrounds of the same age.
Lead author Dr Marlus Hall, Associate Professor of Cardiovascular Epidemiology at the Leeds School of Medicine and Multimorbidity Research at the Leeds Institute for Data Analytics (LIDA), said: “There are approximately 1.4 million heart attack survivors in the UK who are at high risk and developing more serious health conditions. Our study provides accessible online information on the risk of these health outcomes for specific age, gender, and socioeconomic deprivation groups so that heart attack survivors can better plan their future. To be well informed about the risks of diabetes, to make informed health care decisions with your doctor.
“Effective communication of the likely course of the disease and the risk of adverse long-term outcomes between patients and health care professionals can promote positive lifestyle changes, encourage patients to seek treatment, and improve patient understanding and quality of life. Can improve.”
“Our study highlights the need to modify individual care plans to take into account the increasing demand for care due to increased survival.”
The researchers analyzed the records of all individuals aged 18 and over who were admitted to one of 229 NHS trusts in England between January 1, 2008, and January 31, 2017. This resulted in 145,912,852 hospitalizations among 34,116,257 individuals. There were reports of 433,361 people who had a first-time heart attack. The average age of heart attack patients was 67 years, and 66% of patients were male.
The study looked at the 11 non-fatal health outcomes listed below, as well as death from any cause, and compared the results to a control group of 2,001,310 individuals.
health outcomes
Research has found patients have a significantly increased risk of developing certain conditions after a heart attack compared to a control group.
The most likely was heart failure, with 29.6% of the study group developing the condition within nine years of the heart attack, while 9.8% of the control group developed the condition during the same time frame.
Kidney failure developed in 27.2% of patients in the study group compared to 19.8% in the control group.
About 22.3% of the study group developed atrial fibrillation, compared to 16.8% of the control group.
And new hospitalizations for diabetes were seen in 17% of the study group, compared to 14.3% of the control group.
Other conditions were:
Severe bleeding – study group: 19%; Control group: 18.4%
Cerebrovascular disease – study group: 12.5%; Control group: 11.6%
Peripheral artery disease – study group: 6.5%; Control group: 4.06%
Death from any cause – study group: 37.8%; Control group: 35.3%
Overall, hospitalization records indicated that depression occurred in 8.9% of people after a heart attack – which was 6% more likely than the control group who had a heart attack. Women are more likely than men to develop depression after a heart attack, especially those who have had a heart attack at a younger age. 21.5% of women under the age of 40 at the time of the heart attack had a record of hospitalization due to depression, compared to 11.5% of men in the same age group.
There was no overall difference in the risk of dementia after a heart attack compared to the control group. While the risk of vascular dementia was higher in the study group, the difference observed was small (study group 2.3%; control group 2.1%).
In contrast to other health outcomes, the research showed that cancer was less prevalent in the study group than in the control group. About 13.5% of the study group got cancer after the heart attack, but that compared with 21.5% of the control group. Researchers believe there are likely several factors influencing this finding, but the specific reasons for less cancer after a heart attack are unclear and require further investigation.
Morag Foreman, Head of Discovery Researchers at Wellcome, said: “This research provides valuable insight into the types of support and interventions needed for patients after a heart attack, helping both doctors and patients make informed decisions during and after recovery. helps.”
“This research shows how cohort studies and analysis of large data sets can advance our understanding of major health challenges and demonstrates the value of supporting discovery research in areas of population and public health. As survival rates improve after a heart attack, understanding the long-term effects on physical and mental health is important.”
Professor Brian Williams, chief scientist and medical officer of the British Heart Foundation, said: “Although more people than ever are surviving heart attacks, this can have long-term consequences. Particularly after a major heart attack, people may suffer irreparable damage, increasing their risk of heart failure.
“This study sheds further light on how heart attack is associated with an increased risk of developing heart failure and other serious health conditions, including atrial fibrillation. It also found that people from more socio-economically deprived backgrounds are at risk of more poor health after a heart attack, and at a younger age. Research suggests that these patients may need extra support and monitoring to help reduce the risk of developing further health conditions. There may be benefit.
“It is vital that the NHS has the resources, including staff, infrastructure and equipment, to provide the care needed to help patients stay in the best possible health for longer.”
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