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Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, which is spread primarily through sexual intercourse, is the leading cause of cervical cancer. While there is no cure for HPV, and it often resolves on its own within two years without causing any symptoms, the introduction of HPV vaccines has been helpful in preventing high-risk HPV infections associated with cancer. Let’s dispel some popular myths about HPV vaccination:
Myth: HPV vaccination is not safe
Fact: Extensive research supports the safety and efficacy of HPV vaccination in preventing high-risk HPV infections (those most responsible for causing cervical cancer). Vaccines effectively curb precancerous conditions and subsequent cancers.
Myth: Girls above 15 years of age cannot be vaccinated
Fact: While the ideal time for HPV vaccination is before sexual activity begins, girls aged 9-14 are recommended to receive two doses. However, those seeking vaccination before age 26 or after becoming sexually active should not be discouraged, as studies show some degree of benefit in these groups as well. The benefits of HPV vaccination in women aged 26–45 can be discussed individually.
Myth: Pap smears and health checks are enough to prevent cervical cancer
Fact: Pap smears and regular health checks are effective for early detection of cervical cancer, but they do not negate the importance of HPV vaccination as a preventive strategy. HPV infection is widespread globally, and vaccination supplements the natural immune response, providing stronger and more durable protection.
Myth: HPV vaccines cause ovarian failure
Fact: Concerns that HPV vaccines may cause ovarian failure or sexual promiscuity are unfounded. Several studies have refuted these notions, confirming the safety of HPV vaccines. Studies on HPV vaccination and fertility indicate that it may actually protect fertility in individuals who have other STIs and there is no scientific basis to link them to premature menopause.
Myth: Boys don’t need the HPV vaccination.
Fact: Boys can also benefit from HPV vaccination, as it provides protection against anal, penile and oropharyngeal cancers. Expanding access to vaccination to both sexes contributes to broader public health.
Dr. Shubham Jain, Senior Consultant, Surgical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute Research Center at Neeti Bagh
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