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The thyroid gland is a small butterfly located in the front of the neck and produces essential hormones like triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) that are important for the proper functioning of all organs in the body. Adequate iodine levels are necessary for the thyroid gland to effectively secrete these hormones, making it important for individuals to consume iodized salt regularly.
In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr Vaishali Naik, Thyroid and Endocrinologist at Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai, explained, “The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland work together to regulate the thyroid gland, with the pituitary controlling T3 and Releases thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). T4 production. Thyroid disorders generally fall into three categories: Hypothyroidism, where hormone levels are low. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by excessive hormone secretion and thyroid inflammation resulting in nodular or multinodular goiters. “Women are more likely to develop thyroid disorders, one of the most common health problems after iron deficiency.”
“Diagnosing thyroid dysfunction involves performing hormonal tests for T3, T4, free T3, T4, and TSH,” he elaborates. Additionally, depending on the symptoms and signs present, further investigations such as a thyroid scan or sonography may be recommended. In some cases, aspiration cytology may be necessary to determine whether the thyroid gland needs to be removed. Women are especially susceptible to thyroid disorders at any stage of life. Common symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, and constipation. Warning signs of hyperthyroidism in women include weight loss, increased heartbeat, tremors and diarrhea.
According to him, age-related symptoms can also indicate thyroid problems in women or children. She said, “For example; Delayed puberty or precocious puberty or developmental disorders may be seen in girls during childhood and adolescence. Teenage girls experience irregular periods, while women of reproductive age may experience irregular periods or frequent pregnancy losses. Some women may not have any symptoms but may be diagnosed with thyroid problems through a TSH test.”
Emphasizing that women should know that they can still have a healthy pregnancy even if they are diagnosed with a thyroid problem, Dr. Vaishali Naik advised, “Women should take precautions before getting pregnant, during pregnancy, and after having a baby. After giving birth they need to make sure that their thyroid levels are stable. Thyroid problems can arise even after the birth of a child. It is recommended that all newborns should undergo a TSH test to assess their thyroid health and to check whether the parents have any thyroid disorders. The treatment plan will be determined by the doctor, which may include medication and lifestyle adjustments such as diet and exercise for weight management. Relaxation techniques like yoga and meditation may be beneficial for these women. If you are diagnosed with a thyroid condition, make sure you take responsibility for your health and improve your quality of life.”
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