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The brain needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to function properly. When the flow of oxygen to the brain stops, even for a short time, it can be dangerous. A brain attack or stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain stops. Common symptoms of a stroke are trouble walking, understanding and speaking. Paralysis or numbness in the face, leg or arm are also common symptoms of a stroke or brain attack. In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr Sanjay Pandey, HOD, Neurology, Amrita Hospital, Faridabad, said, “Depending on the site of the lesion in the brain, there may be speech abnormalities, loss of sensations on the same side with weakness, symptoms related to loss of balance function maintained by the cerebellum, altered psychological behaviour (excitement or fear), or even loss of bladder or bowel control.”
“Common risk factors for stroke include diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Stroke in youth may be due to underlying coagulopathy, congenital or acquired heart disease (eg, rheumatic heart disease), and collagen disorders,” the neurologist said.
Also Read: Rising stroke cases in young adults: Causes of this worrying trend, treatment tips
Dr. Sanjay Pandey classified brain stroke into two forms – ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke
ischemic stroke:
Why does this happen
Ischemic stroke is caused by a blockage of blood flow within the cerebral vessels that supply blood to the brain. It can be further divided into thrombotic stroke and embolic stroke.
Also read: Is stress the only reason behind rising stroke cases? An expert busts this myth
Early symptoms:
Patients suffering from ischemic type of brain stroke usually develop loss of consciousness, sudden collapse, twisting of the angle of the mouth to one side, weakness in the limbs, or complete paralysis of one half of the body.
hemorrhagic stroke:
Why does this happen
Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by rupture of blood vessels and bleeding into the brain parenchyma due to high blood pressure levels. It is a type of end-organ damage that occurs in a hypertensive emergency, where blood pressure exceeds 220/110 mmHg.
Also read: Stroke cases on the rise: Know the signs and symptoms of stroke
Early symptoms:
A hemorrhagic brain stroke causes weakness or paralysis in the limbs as well as a severe headache.
What should be done in case of treatment of stroke patient?
Dr. Sanjay Pandey said, “The most important thing to treat a brain stroke patient is to follow ‘Be Fast’ which means recognizing the symptoms early and reaching a healthcare facility within 4-4.5 hours of the onset of symptoms. After this golden period, it is difficult to revive the dying brain tissue and recovery outcomes are poor.”
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