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Volcano is the breakdown in the crust of our planet Earth, which open the inner magma and lets the hot gases, melted lava and some rock pieces to erupt. There is so much heat in the depth of the earth that some rocks gradually melt and turn into a thick flowing substance which is called magma. Since it is lighter than solid rock, the magma rises up and accumulates in the magma chambers. Finally some magma exits through cracks and pores on the surface of the Earth. Thus a volcanic explosion occurs. This explosive magma is called lava.
How do volcanoes burst
To know how volcanoes burst, we have to understand the structure of the earth. At the top is the lithosphere ie lithospier which is the upper layer. This includes upper crust and mental (a thick layer that is mainly made of solid rocks, but in some areas it can also be semi-solids). The thickness of the crust in the mountainous regions ranges from 10 km to 100 km. It is mainly made of silicate rocks. Magma is composed of water, sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide as well as inserted and royolitis components. The excess water breaks with magma by the formation of bubbles. When the magma comes close to the surface, the water level decreases and the gas/magma increases in the channel.
Magma bursts as ash
According to Bizos, conditions from crust to mental change dramatically. There is a huge increase in pressure and the temperature rises to 1000 ° C. This sticky and melted rock gathers in large chambers within the earth’s crust. Since the magma is lighter than the surrounding rocks, it floats towards the surface and finds cracks and weaknesses in the mantle. After eventually reaching the surface, it burst from the peak point of the volcano. When it is below the surface, the melted rock is called magma and when it comes up, it bursts as ashes.
With every explosion, rocks, lava and ash accumulate on the face of the volcano. The nature of the explosion mainly depends on the viscosity of the magma. The lava goes far and when it flows easily, it forms a wide shield volcano. When it is very thick, it makes a well -known cone volcanic shape. If the lava is very thick, it can accumulate in the volcano and burst, which is called lava dome.
Most volcanoes in the world are found on the boundaries of tectonic plates. Where these plates collide, separate or slide under each other. There are mainly three major belts where volcanoes are centered.
Pacific ring of fire: It is a vast area located in the basin of the Pacific Ocean, where about 75 percent of the world active and passive volcanoes are found. The region starts from New Zealand and extends to the continents of South-East Asia, Japan, Northern and Southern American. Indonesia has the world’s most active volcanoes (about 121), as it is located in the ring of fire.
Mount Etna (Italy): Europe’s most active volcano.
Mauna Loa (Hawaii, America): The world’s largest active volcano.
Mount Visuvius (Italy): A very dangerous volcano.
Kilaua: Hawaii, America.
Mount Merapi : Indonesia
Rhythm volcanic : Philippines
In a fiercelyJapan
Mount coatopaxi (Ecuador): One of the highest active volcanoes.
Ozos del salado (Border of Chile and Argentina): The world’s highest active volcano.
Crakatoa : Indonesia
Mount Pinatubo : Philippines
Mid World Mountain Belt: This belt extends along the Alpine-Himalaya mountain range. Which includes some volcanoes. However, their number is less than the Pacific Ring of Fire.
African Rift Valley Belt: This belt is also home to many volcanoes in East Africa. Such as Mount Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) and Mount Meru (Kenya).
Apart from these major belts, some volcanic tectonic plates are also found in areas called ‘hot spots’. Such as Hawaii Islands.
Minerals and precious stones: Various types of minerals and even precious stones are found in the volcanic lava.
Volcanic salmon: Cement, polish and many types of cleaners and soaps are also made from this.
Tourism: The volcanoes and the natural beauty around them attract tourists. Which benefits the local economy. People come to see volcanic trekking, hot springs and geothemal activities. Some large volcanic explosions leave sulfur dioxide and ash in the atmosphere, causing the sun’s rays to stop reaching the Earth. This leads to a drop in global temperature for some time (called global diming). However, it has a temporary effect and also emit volcanic greenhouse gases in the long run.
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