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The incidence of cancer is increasing globally and head and neck cancer is emerging as a particularly prevalent concern in India, but there are 2 types of head and neck cancer, of which 90% of cases are squamous cell cancer ( SCC), while the second group consists of cancer. This is cancer of the thyroid and salivary gland and the treatment and management of both types are different.
In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr. Anil D’Cruz, Director of Oncology and Senior Consultant, Surgical Oncology at Apollo Cancer Center in Navi Mumbai, shared, “The major category which is SCC, is a cancer extending from just below the brain Covers a vast area. The collarbone encompasses approximately 13 to 14 different sub-sites within the anatomy of the head and neck that are susceptible to cancer development.
According to him, one of the primary factors contributing to this worrying trend is the widespread use of tobacco in India. He said, “Data show that almost one-third of our population aged 15 years and above is either exposed to or actively engages in tobacco use in various forms. More than 50% of these individuals prefer smokeless tobacco products, while 30 to 40% opt for smoking tobacco. It is important to recognize that use of any form of tobacco significantly increases the risk of head and neck cancer.”
Talking about who is at risk, Dr. Anil D’Cruz explained, “The risk is increased for individuals who consume both tobacco and alcohol. The simultaneous presence of these habits dramatically increases the chances of head and neck cancer. Therefore, it is paramount to address these interlinked issues of tobacco and alcohol use to tackle the increasing incidence of cancer, especially in the head and neck region, in our country. By increasing awareness, promoting healthy lifestyle choices, and improving access to quality health services, we can work towards reversing the increasing trend of HNC cases and improving the overall well-being of our population.
Bringing forward his expertise, Dr. Rajesh Mistry, Director, Cancer Center at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai said, “In our country, oral cancer is a major public health issue. It is one of the top three most common cancers in India. This accounts for 30% of all new cancer cases diagnosed each year. It is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality from cancer. A large proportion of patients are in the younger age group which affects the economic well-being of the family and society.
He further added, “People who are at higher risk of developing these cancers are those who are addicted to tobacco and alcohol. This disease usually affects people who are addicted to tobacco and related products (in any form). In India, smokeless tobacco in the form of gutkha, khaini and pan masala is widely consumed and is an important cause of high prevalence of oral cancer. Tobacco contains a variety of chemicals that cause cancer. Poor oral hygiene and viral infection (HPV virus) are other risk factors for oral cancer. Oral sub-mucous fibrosis is a fatal condition resulting from the use of betel nut and its products. “This prevents the mouth from opening and increases the risk of oral cancer.”
He told about some common symptoms of oral cancer –
- mouth pain that doesn’t go away
- bleeding from the mouth or throat
- toothache or tooth loosening/falling out
- pain spreads to the ear
- persistent sore throat
- having difficulty swallowing
- neck lump
Dr. Rajesh Mistry concluded, “If anyone has such complaints, they should consult a doctor for evaluation. As can be seen, head-neck cancers are habit-related and therefore highly preventable. Awareness about the ill effects of tobacco and alcohol is extremely important. There are existing government anti-tobacco policies; However, implementation can be strict. It is especially important to educate children and young adults so that they avoid tobacco in any form. Also, people who are addicted to it should be advised to quit tobacco as it reduces the risk of developing cancer in the future.’
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