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Bubonic plague, an infectious disease that caused an epidemic in the 14th century, wiping out 30–50% of the population in parts of Europe with an estimated death toll of 50 million, still exists and has sporadic outbreaks in various parts of the world. Causes. , The infectious disease was detected for the first time in nearly a decade in Oregon in a man who was likely infected by his cat. According to the report, the disease was identified immediately and the man was immediately treated with antibiotics. Bubonic plague, then known as the ‘Black Death’, is the most common form of plague caused by the bite of infected fleas. Plague bacillus, Y. pestis enters the body through a bite, travels through the lymphatic system to the nearest lymph node where it replicates itself. After this, the lymph node becomes swollen, tense and painful and is called ‘bubo’. (Also Read | Measles outbreak in Madhya Pradesh: From symptoms to treatment, all you need to know)
“Bubonic plague – although believed to be extinct, is still a threat. It is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. This disease – known as the ‘Black Death’ in the 14th century , which killed an estimated 25 million people in Europe. While modern sanitation and health care have greatly reduced its spread, sporadic outbreaks still occur in different parts of the world,” Dr. Says Neha Rastogi, consultant, infectious diseases, Fortis Hospital, Gurgaon.
Bubonic Plague Symptoms and Prevention Tips
Dr Rastogi also talks about the symptoms, treatment and preventive measures to be followed.
symptoms
Symptoms of bubonic plague usually appear within 2 to 6 days of exposure and include sudden fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, and swollen, painful lymph nodes, known as buboes. is, usually in the groin, armpit or neck. , Without prompt treatment, the infection can spread into the bloodstream and lead to septicemic plague or to the lungs, resulting in pneumonic plague, both of which are even more severe and can be fatal.
Treatment
Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics is important for the successful management of bubonic plague. Antibiotics effective against Yersinia pestis include streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin. Supportive care, such as intravenous fluids and respiratory support, may be necessary in severe cases. Prompt isolation of infected individuals and tracing and treating their contacts is also important to contain the outbreak.
Preventive Measures
Preventing the spread of bubonic plague requires a multi-pronged approach. This includes controlling rodent populations, particularly rats and fleas, which are the primary reservoir and carrier of Yersinia pestis. Public health measures such as pesticide spraying, rodent eradication programs, and proper disposal of dead animals can help reduce the risk of transmission to humans. Additionally, educating communities about the importance of avoiding contact with sick or dead animals and practicing good hygiene can prevent the spread of disease.
“While bubonic plague remains a serious public health concern, advances in medical science and public health practices have greatly improved our ability to prevent, diagnose, and treat the disease, reducing its impact compared to historical epidemics. However, continued vigilance and investment in surveillance and control measures are necessary to reduce the risk of future outbreaks,” Dr Rastogi concluded.
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