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The plate is the theory of everyving the theory of tectonics geology. In the 1960s, it realizes that the earth’s crust is made of pieces made of plates – and that these plates can grow, shrink and rotate – explained the origin of hilly chains, ocean trenches, volcanoes and earthquakes. It is also explained why the continents flow on the surface of the planet and thus, from time to time, come together to create an all-embraces supercontinent.
Mountain ranges, ocean trenches, volcanoes and earthquakes, however, are the main things where the plates are abbat. Plate tectonics is not as good in explaining phenomena and features, especially in continental interiors. It is often dominated by a broad hylends called Pathak, which is different from mountain ranges and is often surrounded by huge escriptions. However, as he told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Boston, Tom Garnan of Southampton University feels that he may bring these esoteric geographical characteristics under plate tectonics. The calculation of their team shows that they are caused by waves that wave through the earth’s mental, the layer under the crust, when the continents are divided. They may also be responsible for some of the “mini” mass extinction that punches the fossil records.
Their work began with a different, more eye -catching question: how diamonds are motivated on the surface. The high pressure found in the diamonds upper mental causes crystals of compressed carbon in that form. Those discovered on the surface are called kimberlite pipes by abnormal, explosive volcanoes, which reprimand the crust from bottom to top, at the ground level.
Dr. Garnan and his colleagues proposed that the rifting of continental plates sets a slow-moving wave through the semi-leaflet rock of the mental. (In fact slow running: They guess that it travels in about 15–20 km per million years.) This wave of hot rock eliminates the lower part of the crust, making gas-charge magma that violently bursts violently as kimberlite pipes.
He then followed the work of what other results of his newly discovered waves could be. Answer, when they ran their model on a computer, they had giant escapes with the plateau behind them. These features were formed by a procedure, known as the isostatic rebound, in which the wave of the journey removed the egg of the crust, leading to the upper rock, rather a balloon increases when its crew’s jetson ballast.
All of these will be subject to quick erosion, however, immediate erosion. And this is the place where due to extinction. But they are associated with many small destruction that particularly affect the oceans, and are associated with low oxygen levels.
This deficiency of oxygen seems to be made because organic matter is being made in greater than normal volume, and then sucking that element out of water, decomposes. Dr. Garnan feels that this is the result of erosion of erosion caused by the uplift of the oceans with phosphorus. This causes life to bloom, which increases the amount of organic materials available for decomposition. They argue, in particular, that the pattern of extinction these mini mass during Jurassic and Cretaceous periods support their hypothesis.
All this, then, fits very well together. Geology’s theory of everyving continues successfully to defend its title.
© 2025, The Economist Newspaper Limited. All rights reserved. From The Economist, published under license. The original material can be found on www.economist.com
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