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Cancer in women has become a worldwide issue due to many factors including lifestyle and environmental exposures. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) journal also emphasizes that the aging population is at greater risk due to factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity. Despite remarkable advances in medical science and treatment technology, a large number of patients are still diagnosed with cancer at advanced stages, mainly due to lack of awareness and delay in screening. While National Cancer Awareness Day celebrated on November 7 plays an important role in raising awareness about cancer among women, the day also serves as a reminder that early detection can save lives and prevent cancer.
5 common types of cancer in women
According to Dr Neeti Raizada, Principal Director, Medical Oncology and Haemato-Oncology at Fortis Hospital, Bengaluru, here are 5 common types of cancer that most women face these days:
1. Breast Cancer
One of the most common and deadly cancers that women face today. It occurs when abnormal cells in the breast tissue begin to grow uncontrollably. Mutations in genes including BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53 are strongly associated with breast cancer. To prevent this type of cancer, genetic counseling and predictive testing are recommended to help.
2. Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer in women affects the lower reproductive tract, such as the uterus (cervix), and is caused by persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) – a common sexually transmitted virus. Several lifestyle and health factors are responsible for the development of this type of cancer in women, including sexual activity at an early age, having multiple sexual partners, smoking, a weak immune system, and poor genital hygiene. Women who use oral contraceptives for a long time or have multiple pregnancies may also face a higher risk.
3. Ovarian Cancer
This type of cancer in women gives vague symptoms like swelling, back pain or fatigue. Unlike any other cancer, this type of cancer develops rapidly. It is often detected at a later stage because symptoms resemble those of common digestive or hormonal problems. Therefore, it is also known as the “silent killer”. Regular gynecological checkup, awareness of family history and timely ultrasound or CA-125 test can help in early detection. Meanwhile, no single test can determine its occurrence or presence; Regular testing, symptom tracking, and open communication with healthcare providers can remove barriers.
4. Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is another type of cancer that is spreading rapidly in women. This increase is linked to a combination of factors such as air pollution, passive smoking and certain lifestyle habits such as prolonged exposure to cooking smoke or occupational pollutants. Like ovarian cancer, lung cancer often starts quietly. Early symptoms such as a persistent cough, shortness of breath, wheezing or chest discomfort are often dismissed as signs of a cold, bronchitis or seasonal allergies. As it progresses, women may also experience fatigue, loss of appetite, or unexplained weight loss. Studies show that more than half of women with lung cancer do not smoke, indicating the role of other factors such as air pollution, passive smoking and genetic factors.
5. Colorectal Cancer
This type of cancer affects the large intestine and rectum and has increased in the female population during the last years due to unhealthy diet, obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Obesity, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption and low physical activity levels further increase susceptibility. Symptoms are often subtle at first and may include persistent constipation or diarrhea, blood in the stool, stomach discomfort, or fatigue.
Tips to reduce the risk of cancer
According to Dr. Raizada, cancer prevention starts with careful lifestyle choices:
- Schedule regular checkups like mammograms, Pap smears and HPV tests.
- Eat a nutritious diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains while cutting back on processed foods and red meat.
- Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy weight.
- Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol consumption.
- Pay attention to your body: Any unexplained bleeding, lumps, persistent pain or fatigue should be checked by a doctor immediately.
(Note to readers: This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions you have about any medical condition.)
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