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The vaccine that protects people, especially women, from human papillomavirus infection (HPV) is usually quite expensive and therefore not accessible to most of the population. However, recently, it was announced that due to a national vaccination program, all girls between the ages of 9 and 14 will receive vaccines at their school or nearby clinics over the next three years. Currently, the quadrivalent vaccine is commercially available at a price of Rs 2.5 lakh ₹2,000 per dose. But what does this vaccine protect against?
Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is a major health concern for women worldwide and understanding its nuances is essential for both prevention and early detection.
It usually begins in the cells lining the cervix and is primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection. Most HPV infections resolve on their own, but persistent infection with high-risk strains can lead to cervical cancer.
Risk Factors and Causes
Patients often worry about the risk factors associated with cervical cancer. HPV infection is the primary cause, but other factors such as smoking, weakened immune system, multiple sexual partners, and early sexual activity can also increase the risk.
Symptoms and treatment
Patients may be concerned about identifying the symptoms of cervical cancer. Early-stage cervical cancer may cause no symptoms, but as the disease progresses, symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and pain during intercourse may occur.
Early stage detection greatly improves treatment outcomes. To detect the presence of this cancer, a person needs to undergo cervical cancer screening, especially a Pap test or HPV test. These tests are necessary for early detection. It is also important to encourage patients to get regular screening for cervical cancer so that it can be prevented.
The HPV vaccine is an important preventive measure. It may protect against some types of viruses and significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer. It is generally recommended for teenagers and young adults. This helps in early detection and timely intervention.
Women who are concerned about fertility and how it may affect their future pregnancies can discuss fertility preservation options with their doctor. This is a conversation that should happen before they start treatment. Fertility preservation options include egg freezing or embryo banking.
hpv vaccine
With a population of 511.4 million women, aged 15 and above, who are at high risk of developing cervical cancer, the Indian government has given the green light to a new vaccine that is simple for the country. In the global market, there are three types of HPV vaccines and they protect against HPV types 16 and 18 – the most common viruses that cause cervical cancer.
Serum Institute is working on Cervavac, India’s first indigenous HPV vaccine. It was launched in January 2023 and targets the same four HPV types as Gardasil (another vaccine currently available on the market).
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