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ANI | , Posted by Taptrisha Dassapporo
A new study has discovered a potential therapy target for immune-related conditions such as multiple sclerosis and asthma.
A new study sheds light on the role of the protein STAP-1 in activating certain immune cells. Understanding the involvement of STAP-1 in these cells may help researchers gain a better understanding of immune-related diseases and potential treatments.
Researchers found that STAP-1 plays a key role in the activation of T cells, which are white blood cells that help protect the body from infections and maintain overall health. T cells are able to identify foreign substances that elicit an immune response (antigens) and develop tailored responses to destroy pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.
The study published in The Journal of Immunology examined how STAP-1 affects the immune response. The researchers showed that it acts as a mediator, facilitating communication between different proteins within cells and enabling the transmission of signals from one molecule to another.
“Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying T cell activation and the development of immune disorders,” says Professor Tadashi Matsuda of Hokkaido University, who led the study. “We found that STAP-1 plays an important role in regulating immune responses, particularly the activation and functioning of T cells.”
T cells require two signals to become activated and initiate an immune response. The first signal involves the recognition of antigen presented by other cells, called antigen-presenting cells. Antigens are recognized by the T cell receptor, which is a protein complex found on the surface of T cells. The second signal consists of co-stimulatory signals provided by molecules on antigen-presenting cells.
The researchers found that STAP-1 helps T cells communicate and respond to signals, particularly those triggered by the T cell receptor. T cells lacking STAP-1 had trouble receiving and transmitting signals properly, leading to reduced production of certain immune molecules called cytokines. Cytokines can cause inflammation or autoimmune diseases, in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues and organs.
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