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World Kidney Day 2024: The kidneys, one of the most important organs in our body, help us retain the good, expel the bad and maintain a healthy balance of essentials – be it water, salt and vital minerals. They are natural filters in our body that we can rely on for its healthy functioning. However, like all organs, our kidneys also require care and nutrition for optimal functioning. Not hydrating them enough, eating processed and sugary foods or developing chronic diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease can affect the kidneys and their function. (Also read: 7 signs of kidney disease that you might be ignoring)
The kidneys are tasked with filtering waste products and removing excess fluid from the body. They also help balance high blood pressure, regulate the production of red blood cells, and balance body fluids. When your kidneys get damaged, you may experience some symptoms like change in your urine pattern, urinating at night, fatigue, swelling around the eyes, itching etc.
To take care of your kidneys or manage your existing kidney disease, diet plays an important role. Eating foods that are low in sodium and potassium and high in fiber can help your kidneys function better. Vegetables rich in essential nutrients can also help nourish your kidneys. If your kidneys are problematic then too much salt, alcohol and other processed foods should be avoided at all costs.
Best foods for your kidneys
Your kidneys are essential organs that filter waste products and excess fluid from your blood. When you eat a kidney-friendly diet, you are helping your kidneys function better.
“A vegetarian diet is more kidney friendly and a low-salt diet is essential as most patients with kidney problems have high blood pressure. Low-salt options should be avoided while low-potassium fruits and vegetables like apples, berries and cabbage should be preferred. Plant-based proteins like soya, pulses and cheese can be used safely while animal proteins like fish, poultry and eggs should be used in moderation. Whole grains like brown rice and quinoa must be consumed. Healthy fats from sources such as olive oil, mustard oil or soybean oil are beneficial. It is advisable to choose limited dairy products and low-fat options,” Dr. Says Sanjeev Gulati, Executive Director, Nephrology and Kidney Transplant, Fortis Escorts, Okhla Road, New Delhi.
Dr. Mohit Khirbat, Consultant, Nephrology, CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram suggests including the following food items in your diet.
Fruit
Most fruits are naturally low in sodium and potassium and high in fiber, which are beneficial for kidney health. The best fruits for your kidneys include apples, berries, grapes, pears and watermelon.
Vegetables: Broccoli, Cabbage
Vegetables are another excellent source of essential vitamins, minerals and fiber for kidney health. Choose non-starchy vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, leafy green vegetables and peppers.
Low-fat dairy: yogurt, milk
Low-fat dairy products like milk, yogurt and cheese are good sources of calcium and vitamin D, which are important for bone health. However, it is important to choose low-fat or fat-free options and consume them in moderation, as some dairy products are high in phosphorus.
Whole grains: brown rice, oats
Whole grains are a good source of fiber, which can help lower cholesterol levels and keep you feeling full. Some healthy whole grains to include in your diet are brown rice, quinoa, oats and whole wheat bread.
Lean proteins: fish, beans
Low-fat protein sources like fish, poultry and beans are essential for maintaining muscle. However, it is important to choose lean protein sources and limit red meat consumption, as red meat is high in phosphorus.
The worst foods for your kidneys
“People with kidney disorders should avoid high-potassium foods like bananas, citrus fruits, nuts, potatoes and avocados. Processed foods with high sodium should be avoided as they can increase blood pressure. High phosphorus foods like processed meat and cheese should also be avoided to prevent kidney-related complications. Sugary drinks and snacks can contribute to diabetes and weight gain and should be eliminated from the diet. Excessive protein intake, especially from non-vegetarian sources, can burden the kidneys due to excessive acid load. It’s important to consult a nephrologist to design a diet plan specific to a person’s needs and stage of kidney disease, says Dr. Gulati.
Excessive sodium intake can increase blood pressure and put pressure on your kidneys. Limit processed foods, canned goods, restaurant meals, processed meats and salty snacks. Dr Khirbat says that the following food items should be avoided to improve kidney functioning.
phosphorus
Phosphorus is a mineral found naturally in many foods. However, people with kidney disease often need to limit phosphorus intake. Foods high in phosphorus include dairy products, red meat, organ meats, processed foods, and some nuts and seeds.
potassium
Potassium is another essential nutrient, but people with kidney disease may need to limit their potassium intake. Foods rich in potassium include bananas, oranges, potatoes, tomatoes and some leafy green vegetables. These foods can contribute to weight gain and inflammation, which can worsen kidney disease.
Sugar
Limit sugary drinks, pastries, white bread and white rice. Excessive alcohol consumption can increase blood pressure and reduce kidney function.
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